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Capture of Shusha
The Capture of Shusha, referred to as the Liberation of Shushi by Armenians ((アルメニア語:Շուշիի ազատագրումը) ''Shushii azatagrumë'') and Occupation of Shusha by Azerbaijanis ((アゼルバイジャン語:Şuşanın işğalı)) was the first significant military victory by Armenian forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The battle took place in the strategically important mountain town of Shusha (known as ''Shushi'' to Armenians) on the evening of May 8, 1992, and fighting swiftly concluded the next day after Armenian forces captured it and drove out the defending Azeris. Armenian military commanders based in Nagorno-Karabakh's capital of Stepanakert had been contemplating the capture of the town after a hail of Azeri military bombardment had begun shelling Stepanakert.
It was named "Wedding in the Mountains" by the Armenian commandership. The seizure of the town proved decisive. Shusha was the most important military stronghold that Azerbaijan held in Nagorno-Karabakh – its loss marked a turning point in the war, and led to a series of military victories by Armenian forces in the course of the conflict.〔Chorbajian, Levon (2001). ''The Making of Nagorno-Karabagh: From Secession to Republic''. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, p. 141 ISBN 0-333-77340-3〕 However, some of the shelling was, according to the accounts of former residents, either indiscriminate or intentionally aimed at civilian targets.〔Rachel Denber, Robert K. Goldman, Helsinki Watch. ''Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh'', Human Rights Watch, 1992, p. 31〕
==Background==
In February 1988, Nagorno-Karabakh had been an autonomous oblast for over seventy years inside the borders of the Azerbaijan SSR. Following its government's decision to secede from Azerbaijan and unify with Armenia, the conflict erupted into a larger scale ethnic feud between Armenians and Azeris living in the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the Armenians and Azeris vied to take control of Karabakh with full-scale battles in the winter of 1992. By then, the enclave had declared its independence and set up an unrecognized, though self-functioning, government.〔Durch, William J (ed.) (1996). ''UN Peacekeeping, American Politics, and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 444 ISBN 0-312-12930-0〕
The advanced weaponry of tanks, armored fighting vehicles, fighter jets and helicopter gunships bought and used by both sides illustrated the emergence of the free-for-all weapons vacuum that appeared as the Soviet Union disintegrated. A large scale population shift had also been in effect since the conflict began, with most of the Armenians living in Azerbaijan fleeing to Armenia and the Azerbaijanis in Armenia to Azerbaijan. The battle was preceded by the controversial capture of the town and the location of Karabakh's only airport in Khojaly by Armenians in February 1992. With the loss of Khojaly, Azeri commanders concentrated the rest of their firepower upon Stepanakert, which Shusha overlooked.〔United States Congress. ''Implementation of the Helsinki Accords: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation''. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. US GPO, 1993 p. 81.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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